Bandingkan penggunaan tenaga primer melalui beberapa ukuran
Halaman ini menunjukkan penggunaan tenaga primer negara: tenaga yang digunakan sebelum ditukar kepada elektrik, petrol, haba atau bentuk akhir lain. Ia membandingkan jumlah penggunaan, penggunaan per orang, tenaga per GDP, perubahan tahunan dan perubahan lima tahun.
Bacalah ini sebagai ukuran tenaga yang masuk ke seluruh ekonomi sesebuah negara. Ia merangkumi arang batu, minyak, gas, nuklear, hidro, angin, solar dan tenaga boleh baharu lain selepas ditukar kepada unit yang sama. Ini bukan penggunaan elektrik rumah dan bukan hanya bahan api yang dibeli terus oleh orang ramai.
- Penggunaan tenaga primer terkini mengikut negara dalam TWh
- Penggunaan tenaga per orang, penggunaan per GDP, perubahan tahunan dan perubahan lima tahun
- Susunan mengikut jumlah penggunaan, penggunaan per orang, intensiti GDP, kadar perubahan dan negara
Data tenaga menggunakan Our World in Data Energy dataset, digabungkan dengan rujukan GDP dan penduduk Bank Dunia jika tersedia.
Tenaga primer ialah ukuran peringkat huluan. Oleh sebab loji jana kuasa, penapisan, dandang dan enjin kehilangan tenaga semasa penukaran, nilainya berbeza daripada penggunaan tenaga akhir dan penggunaan elektrik.
Cara membaca tenaga primer
Tenaga primer dikira berhampiran sumbernya, sebelum menjadi elektrik di soket, petrol dalam kenderaan, haba industri atau tenaga lain yang akhirnya digunakan pengguna.
Cara mudah membacanya: arang batu yang dibakar di loji jana kuasa, minyak mentah yang ditapis, gas asli untuk pemanasan atau penjanaan, haba nuklear, hidro, solar dan angin dikira sebagai input tenaga lalu ditukar kepada TWh.
Jadi jadual ini lebih hampir kepada “berapa banyak tenaga masuk ke seluruh sistem tenaga negara” berbanding “berapa banyak tenaga akhir digunakan terus oleh pengguna”. Jumlah TWh menunjukkan skala sistem, kWh/orang melaras penduduk, dan kWh per dolar GDP menunjukkan intensiti tenaga.
| Penduduk | Tahun | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China CHN · East Asia & Pacific | 48,987 TWh2024 | 34,514 kWh/orang | 2.614 kWh/$ | 4.07% | 21.89%2019 | 1.4 bilion | 2024 | |
| 2 | Amerika Syarikat USA · North America | 26,529 TWh2024 | 76,800 kWh/orang | 0.923 kWh/$ | 1.19% | -0.19%2019 | 340.1 juta | 2024 | |
| 3 | India IND · South Asia | 11,336 TWh2024 | 7,813 kWh/orang | 2.899 kWh/$ | 4.69% | 22.13%2019 | 1.5 bilion | 2024 | |
| 4 | Rusia RUS · Europe & Central Asia | 9,049 TWh2024 | 62,485 kWh/orang | 4.163 kWh/$ | 3.29% | 8.11%2019 | 143.5 juta | 2024 | |
| 5 | Jepun JPN · East Asia & Pacific | 4,795 TWh2024 | 38,745 kWh/orang | 1.19 kWh/$ | -1.31% | -7.89%2019 | 124 juta | 2024 | |
| 6 | Brazil BRA · Latin America & Caribbean | 3,919 TWh2024 | 18,486 kWh/orang | 1.793 kWh/$ | 1.7% | 9.87%2019 | 212 juta | 2024 | |
| 7 | Kanada CAN · North America | 3,886 TWh2024 | 97,785 kWh/orang | 1.732 kWh/$ | -0.04% | -4.28%2019 | 41.3 juta | 2024 | |
| 8 | Korea Selatan KOR · East Asia & Pacific | 3,616 TWh2024 | 69,922 kWh/orang | 1.928 kWh/$ | 1.64% | 2.85%2019 | 51.8 juta | 2024 | |
| 9 | Iran IRN · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 3,590 TWh2024 | 39,204 kWh/orang | 7.553 kWh/$ | -0.18% | 8.88%2019 | 91.6 juta | 2024 | |
| 10 | Arab Saudi SAU · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 3,290 TWh2024 | 96,883 kWh/orang | 2.654 kWh/$ | 2.8% | 10.89%2019 | 35.3 juta | 2024 | |
| 11 | Jerman DEU · Europe & Central Asia | 3,195 TWh2024 | 37,793 kWh/orang | 0.682 kWh/$ | 0.52% | -14.87%2019 | 83.5 juta | 2024 | |
| 12 | Indonesia IDN · East Asia & Pacific | 2,985 TWh2024 | 10,529 kWh/orang | 2.138 kWh/$ | 7.17% | 32.42%2019 | 283.5 juta | 2024 | |
| 13 | Perancis FRA · Europe & Central Asia | 2,520 TWh2024 | 37,866 kWh/orang | 0.797 kWh/$ | 4.71% | -7.74%2019 | 68.6 juta | 2024 | |
| 14 | Mexico MEX · Latin America & Caribbean | 2,310 TWh2024 | 17,654 kWh/orang | 1.244 kWh/$ | 0.7% | 2.21%2019 | 130.9 juta | 2024 | |
| 15 | Turkiye TUR · Europe & Central Asia | 2,093 TWh2024 | 23,928 kWh/orang | 1.54 kWh/$ | 6.71% | 13.19%2019 | 85.5 juta | 2024 | |
| 16 | United Kingdom GBR · Europe & Central Asia | 1,937 TWh2024 | 28,016 kWh/orang | 0.525 kWh/$ | 0.38% | -11.67%2019 | 69.2 juta | 2024 | |
| 17 | Itali ITA · Europe & Central Asia | 1,696 TWh2024 | 28,585 kWh/orang | 0.712 kWh/$ | 0.93% | -7.81%2019 | 59 juta | 2024 | |
| 18 | Australia AUS · East Asia & Pacific | 1,672 TWh2024 | 62,595 kWh/orang | 0.952 kWh/$ | 0.89% | -0.49%2019 | 27.2 juta | 2024 | |
| 19 | Sepanyol ESP · Europe & Central Asia | 1,624 TWh2024 | 33,902 kWh/orang | 0.941 kWh/$ | 3.48% | 2.55%2019 | 48.8 juta | 2024 | |
| 20 | Emiriah Arab Bersatu ARE · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 1,522 TWh2024 | 138,026 kWh/orang | 2.756 kWh/$ | 6.19% | 25.07%2019 | 11 juta | 2024 | |
| 21 | Vietnam VNM · East Asia & Pacific | 1,476 TWh2024 | 14,618 kWh/orang | 3.099 kWh/$ | 7.29% | 22.19%2019 | 101 juta | 2024 | |
| 22 | Thailand THA · East Asia & Pacific | 1,421 TWh2024 | 19,825 kWh/orang | 2.699 kWh/$ | 2.35% | -3.98%2019 | 71.7 juta | 2024 | |
| 23 | Malaysia MYS · East Asia & Pacific | 1,382 TWh2024 | 38,866 kWh/orang | 3.273 kWh/$ | 4.29% | 11.33%2019 | 35.6 juta | 2024 | |
| 24 | Afrika Selatan ZAF · Sub-Saharan Africa | 1,362 TWh2024 | 21,287 kWh/orang | 3.397 kWh/$ | -0.4% | -7.42%2019 | 64 juta | 2024 | |
| 25 | Taiwan TWN | 1,254 TWh2024 | 54,013 kWh/orang | 1.005 kWh/$ | -0.2% | -5.59%2019 | 23.1 juta | 2024 | |
| 26 | Mesir EGY · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 1,126 TWh2024 | 9,661 kWh/orang | 2.894 kWh/$ | 2.76% | 7.37%2019 | 116.5 juta | 2024 | |
| 27 | Poland POL · Europe & Central Asia | 1,126 TWh2024 | 29,206 kWh/orang | 1.226 kWh/$ | -0.65% | -5.2%2019 | 36.6 juta | 2024 | |
| 28 | Singapura SGP · East Asia & Pacific | 1,054 TWh2024 | 180,701 kWh/orang | 1.925 kWh/$ | 6.31% | 8.15%2019 | 6 juta | 2024 | |
| 29 | Argentina ARG · Latin America & Caribbean | 983 TWh2024 | 21,514 kWh/orang | 1.54 kWh/$ | -2.11% | 6.21%2019 | 45.7 juta | 2024 | |
| 30 | Belanda NLD · Europe & Central Asia | 926 TWh2024 | 50,824 kWh/orang | 0.763 kWh/$ | -1.43% | -9.31%2019 | 18 juta | 2024 | |
| 31 | Pakistan PAK · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 888 TWh2024 | 3,536 kWh/orang | 2.391 kWh/$ | -1.76% | -8.76%2019 | 251.3 juta | 2024 | |
| 32 | Kazakhstan KAZ · Europe & Central Asia | 862 TWh2024 | 41,865 kWh/orang | 2.958 kWh/$ | 1.88% | 7.94%2019 | 20.6 juta | 2024 | |
| 33 | Algeria DZA · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 760 TWh2024 | 16,237 kWh/orang | 2.822 kWh/$ | -3.11% | 9.47%2019 | 46.8 juta | 2024 | |
| 34 | Iraq IRQ · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 737 TWh2024 | 16,002 kWh/orang | 2.635 kWh/$ | 2.64% | 10.33%2019 | 46 juta | 2024 | |
| 35 | Venezuela VEN · Latin America & Caribbean | 699 TWh2024 | 24,592 kWh/orang | 5.831 kWh/$ | -0.13% | 6.33%2019 | 28.4 juta | 2024 | |
| 36 | Uzbekistan UZB · Europe & Central Asia | 696 TWh2024 | 19,129 kWh/orang | 6.05 kWh/$ | 15.85% | 28.01%2019 | 36.4 juta | 2024 | |
| 37 | Qatar QAT · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 654 TWh2024 | 214,520 kWh/orang | 2.984 kWh/$ | 5.52% | 11.75%2019 | 2.9 juta | 2024 | |
| 38 | Filipina PHL · East Asia & Pacific | 653 TWh2024 | 5,633 kWh/orang | 1.414 kWh/$ | 7.19% | 15.27%2019 | 115.8 juta | 2024 | |
| 39 | Belgium BEL · Europe & Central Asia | 644 TWh2024 | 54,871 kWh/orang | 0.959 kWh/$ | -0.99% | -12.77%2019 | 11.9 juta | 2024 | |
| 40 | Colombia COL · Latin America & Caribbean | 616 TWh2024 | 11,645 kWh/orang | 1.471 kWh/$ | 0.09% | 7.35%2019 | 52.9 juta | 2024 | |
| 41 | Sweden SWE · Europe & Central Asia | 610 TWh2024 | 57,510 kWh/orang | 1.01 kWh/$ | 1.78% | -2.53%2019 | 10.6 juta | 2024 | |
| 42 | Ukraine UKR · Europe & Central Asia | 601 TWh2024 | 15,876 kWh/orang | 3.151 kWh/$ | 2.2% | -37.24%2019 | 37.9 juta | 2024 | |
| 43 | Norway NOR · Europe & Central Asia | 556 TWh2024 | 99,634 kWh/orang | 1.149 kWh/$ | 0.75% | 7.69%2019 | 5.6 juta | 2024 | |
| 44 | Nigeria NGA · Sub-Saharan Africa | 534 TWh2023 | 2,343 kWh/orang | 2.116 kWh/$ | 3.12% | 8.6%2018 | 232.7 juta | 2024 | |
| 45 | Bangladesh BGD · South Asia | 529 TWh2024 | 3,048 kWh/orang | 1.175 kWh/$ | 4.42% | 9.64%2019 | 173.6 juta | 2024 | |
| 46 | Kuwait KWT · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 525 TWh2024 | 106,399 kWh/orang | 3.277 kWh/$ | 5.25% | 18.55%2019 | 4.9 juta | 2024 | |
| 47 | Chile CHL · Latin America & Caribbean | 519 TWh2024 | 26,245 kWh/orang | 1.571 kWh/$ | 4.27% | 9.44%2019 | 19.8 juta | 2024 | |
| 48 | Oman OMN · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 447 TWh2024 | 84,611 kWh/orang | 4.171 kWh/$ | 2.65% | 19.67%2019 | 5.3 juta | 2024 | |
| 49 | Austria AUT · Europe & Central Asia | 412 TWh2024 | 45,208 kWh/orang | 0.771 kWh/$ | 4.67% | -3.65%2019 | 9.2 juta | 2024 | |
| 50 | Czechia CZE · Europe & Central Asia | 393 TWh2024 | 36,590 kWh/orang | 1.132 kWh/$ | -4.48% | -17.8%2019 | 10.9 juta | 2024 | |
| 51 | Peru PER · Latin America & Caribbean | 374 TWh2024 | 10,941 kWh/orang | 1.294 kWh/$ | 9.06% | 14.64%2019 | 34.2 juta | 2024 | |
| 52 | Turkmenistan TKM · Europe & Central Asia | 371 TWh2024 | 49,525 kWh/orang | 7.223 kWh/$ | -15.35% | 5.84%2019 | 7.5 juta | 2024 | |
| 53 | Romania ROU · Europe & Central Asia | 355 TWh2024 | 18,694 kWh/orang | 0.929 kWh/$ | -1.09% | -7.39%2019 | 19.1 juta | 2024 | |
| 54 | Switzerland CHE · Europe & Central Asia | 339 TWh2024 | 38,026 kWh/orang | 0.362 kWh/$ | 6.93% | 0.99%2019 | 9 juta | 2024 | |
| 55 | Finland FIN · Europe & Central Asia | 335 TWh2024 | 59,565 kWh/orang | 1.12 kWh/$ | 0.14% | 2.32%2019 | 5.6 juta | 2024 | |
| 56 | Greece GRC · Europe & Central Asia | 321 TWh2024 | 31,966 kWh/orang | 1.253 kWh/$ | 5% | 1.36%2019 | 10.4 juta | 2024 | |
| 57 | Belarus BLR · Europe & Central Asia | 314 TWh2024 | 34,633 kWh/orang | 4.129 kWh/$ | 3.34% | 1.58%2019 | 9.1 juta | 2024 | |
| 58 | Israel ISR · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 278 TWh2024 | 29,591 kWh/orang | 0.514 kWh/$ | -2.33% | -7.87%2019 | 10 juta | 2024 | |
| 59 | Maghribi MAR · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 276 TWh2024 | 7,257 kWh/orang | 1.721 kWh/$ | 1.92% | 4.74%2019 | 38.1 juta | 2024 | |
| 60 | Hong Kong HKG · East Asia & Pacific | 273 TWh2024 | 36,809 kWh/orang | 0.671 kWh/$ | 8.63% | -20.78%2019 | 7.5 juta | 2024 | |
| 61 | Portugal PRT · Europe & Central Asia | 270 TWh2024 | 25,922 kWh/orang | 0.863 kWh/$ | 1.61% | -7.79%2019 | 10.7 juta | 2024 | |
| 62 | Hungary HUN · Europe & Central Asia | 261 TWh2024 | 26,952 kWh/orang | 1.171 kWh/$ | 2.15% | -5.13%2019 | 9.6 juta | 2024 | |
| 63 | Bahrain BHR · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 259 TWh2023 | 164,933 kWh/orang | 5.495 kWh/$ | 4.35% | 23.1%2018 | 1.6 juta | 2023 | |
| 64 | New Zealand NZL · East Asia & Pacific | 233 TWh2024 | 44,712 kWh/orang | 0.896 kWh/$ | -2.76% | -11.55%2019 | 5.3 juta | 2024 | |
| 65 | Ecuador ECU · Latin America & Caribbean | 231 TWh2024 | 12,722 kWh/orang | 1.851 kWh/$ | -0.65% | 9.17%2019 | 18.1 juta | 2024 | |
| 66 | Libya LBY · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 216 TWh2023 | 29,554 kWh/orang | 4.453 kWh/$ | -1.55% | -18.01%2018 | 7.4 juta | 2024 | |
| 67 | Azerbaijan AZE · Europe & Central Asia | 208 TWh2024 | 20,137 kWh/orang | 2.801 kWh/$ | -4.27% | 11.98%2019 | 10.2 juta | 2024 | |
| 68 | Denmark DNK · Europe & Central Asia | 196 TWh2024 | 32,832 kWh/orang | 0.462 kWh/$ | 0.54% | -9.48%2019 | 6 juta | 2024 | |
| 69 | Bulgaria BGR · Europe & Central Asia | 192 TWh2024 | 28,382 kWh/orang | 1.692 kWh/$ | -2.71% | -9.34%2019 | 6.4 juta | 2024 | |
| 70 | Korea Utara PRK · East Asia & Pacific | 185 TWh2023 | 6,984 kWh/orang | 4.557 kWh/$ | 1.43% | -11.1%2018 | 26.5 juta | 2023 | |
| 71 | Ireland IRL · Europe & Central Asia | 182 TWh2024 | 34,594 kWh/orang | 0.298 kWh/$ | 0.74% | -3.2%2019 | 5.4 juta | 2024 | |
| 72 | Slovakia SVK · Europe & Central Asia | 181 TWh2024 | 32,883 kWh/orang | 1.285 kWh/$ | -1.77% | -2.04%2019 | 5.4 juta | 2024 | |
| 73 | Serbia SRB · Europe & Central Asia | 178 TWh2023 | 26,332 kWh/orang | 1.98 kWh/$ | 0.02% | -1.5%2018 | 6.6 juta | 2023 | |
| 74 | Trinidad dan Tobago TTO · Latin America & Caribbean | 160 TWh2024 | 105,988 kWh/orang | 6.234 kWh/$ | -2.51% | -18.13%2019 | 1.4 juta | 2024 | |
| 75 | Myanmar (Burma) MMR · East Asia & Pacific | 133 TWh2023 | 2,457 kWh/orang | 1.796 kWh/$ | -0.58% | -14.35%2018 | 54.5 juta | 2023 | |
| 76 | Republik Dominica DOM · Latin America & Caribbean | 131 TWh2023 | 11,526 kWh/orang | 1.051 kWh/$ | -1.44% | 19.97%2018 | 11.4 juta | 2023 | |
| 77 | Tunisia TUN · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 121 TWh2023 | 9,892 kWh/orang | 2.351 kWh/$ | -1.28% | 0.62%2018 | 12.3 juta | 2024 | |
| 78 | Sri Lanka LKA · South Asia | 111 TWh2024 | 4,819 kWh/orang | 1.125 kWh/$ | 11.25% | -1.5%2019 | 21.9 juta | 2024 | |
| 79 | Jordan JOR · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 110 TWh2023 | 9,645 kWh/orang | 2.068 kWh/$ | -0.84% | -2.35%2018 | 11.6 juta | 2023 | |
| 80 | Bolivia BOL · Latin America & Caribbean | 105 TWh2023 | 8,599 kWh/orang | 1.918 kWh/$ | 1.91% | 9.86%2018 | 12.4 juta | 2023 | |
| 81 | Ghana GHA · Sub-Saharan Africa | 104 TWh2023 | 3,075 kWh/orang | 1.262 kWh/$ | 0.77% | 41.12%2018 | 34.4 juta | 2023 | |
| 82 | Croatia HRV · Europe & Central Asia | 103 TWh2024 | 26,615 kWh/orang | 1.109 kWh/$ | -1.88% | 7.65%2019 | 3.9 juta | 2024 | |
| 83 | Panama PAN · Latin America & Caribbean | 102 TWh2023 | 22,863 kWh/orang | 1.178 kWh/$ | -0.52% | -8.69%2018 | 4.5 juta | 2023 | |
| 84 | Angola AGO · Sub-Saharan Africa | 98.5 TWh2023 | 2,680 kWh/orang | 0.975 kWh/$ | 1.86% | 8.15%2018 | 37.9 juta | 2024 | |
| 85 | Syria SYR · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 93.8 TWh2023 | 3,977 kWh/orang | 3.972 kWh/$ | 1.59% | -28.93%2018 | 24.7 juta | 2024 | |
| 86 | Guatemala GTM · Latin America & Caribbean | 90.8 TWh2023 | 5,010 kWh/orang | 0.802 kWh/$ | -4.96% | 8.48%2018 | 18.4 juta | 2023 | |
| 87 | Sudan SDN · Sub-Saharan Africa | 90.1 TWh2023 | 1,801 kWh/orang | 1.814 kWh/$ | 1.93% | -8.44%2018 | 50.4 juta | 2024 | |
| 88 | Ethiopia ETH · Sub-Saharan Africa | 89.2 TWh2023 | 693 kWh/orang | 0.596 kWh/$ | 10.78% | 28.91%2018 | 132.1 juta | 2023 | |
| 89 | Kenya KEN · Sub-Saharan Africa | 89 TWh2023 | 1,608 kWh/orang | 0.739 kWh/$ | 1.87% | 7.76%2018 | 56.4 juta | 2023 | |
| 90 | Bosnia dan Herzegovina BIH · Europe & Central Asia | 85.2 TWh2023 | 26,736 kWh/orang | 2.876 kWh/$ | -5.99% | 36.02%2018 | 3.2 juta | 2023 | |
| 91 | Cuba CUB · Latin America & Caribbean | 84.2 TWh2023 | 7,640 kWh/orang | 0.784 kWh/$ | -1.96% | -20.19%2018 | 11 juta | 2023 | |
| 92 | Puerto Rico PRI · Latin America & Caribbean | 82 TWh2023 | 25,288 kWh/orang | 0.651 kWh/$ | 12.17% | -4.13%2018 | 3.2 juta | 2023 | |
| 93 | Kemboja KHM · East Asia & Pacific | 80 TWh2023 | 4,591 kWh/orang | 1.726 kWh/$ | 21.52% | 62.02%2018 | 17.6 juta | 2023 | |
| 94 | Tanzania TZA · Sub-Saharan Africa | 79.9 TWh2023 | 1,199 kWh/orang | 1.013 kWh/$ | 3.98% | 41.41%2018 | 68.6 juta | 2023 | |
| 95 | Slovenia SVN · Europe & Central Asia | 79.2 TWh2024 | 37,361 kWh/orang | 1.085 kWh/$ | 7.31% | -1.06%2019 | 2.1 juta | 2024 | |
| 96 | Cote d’Ivoire CIV · Sub-Saharan Africa | 77.5 TWh2023 | 2,488 kWh/orang | 0.89 kWh/$ | -0.94% | 43.83%2018 | 31.9 juta | 2023 | |
| 97 | Laos LAO · East Asia & Pacific | 77.4 TWh2023 | 10,100 kWh/orang | 4.691 kWh/$ | 19.75% | 8.29%2018 | 7.8 juta | 2023 | |
| 98 | Lithuania LTU · Europe & Central Asia | 73.4 TWh2024 | 25,660 kWh/orang | 0.864 kWh/$ | 6.99% | 3.92%2019 | 2.9 juta | 2024 | |
| 99 | Lubnan LBN · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 72.9 TWh2023 | 12,633 kWh/orang | 3.632 kWh/$ | 1.79% | -29.94%2018 | 5.8 juta | 2023 | |
| 100 | Mongolia MNG · East Asia & Pacific | 67.5 TWh2023 | 19,675 kWh/orang | 2.838 kWh/$ | 28.89% | 18.64%2018 | 3.5 juta | 2023 | |
| 101 | Iceland ISL · Europe & Central Asia | 62.8 TWh2024 | 159,676 kWh/orang | 1.889 kWh/$ | -1.95% | -0.81%2019 | 386.5 ribu | 2024 | |
| 102 | Georgia GEO · Europe & Central Asia | 62.6 TWh2023 | 16,434 kWh/orang | 1.83 kWh/$ | -7.6% | 10.66%2018 | 3.7 juta | 2023 | |
| 103 | Nepal NPL · South Asia | 57.5 TWh2023 | 1,935 kWh/orang | 1.339 kWh/$ | 3.22% | 36.88%2018 | 29.7 juta | 2023 | |
| 104 | Kyrgyzstan KGZ · Europe & Central Asia | 57.2 TWh2023 | 8,083 kWh/orang | 3.271 kWh/$ | 8.59% | 12.43%2018 | 7.2 juta | 2023 | |
| 105 | Mozambique MOZ · Sub-Saharan Africa | 57.1 TWh2023 | 1,697 kWh/orang | 2.509 kWh/$ | 1.54% | 20.98%2018 | 34.6 juta | 2023 | |
| 106 | Estonia EST · Europe & Central Asia | 55.8 TWh2024 | 40,986 kWh/orang | 1.293 kWh/$ | -0.91% | -11.15%2019 | 1.4 juta | 2024 | |
| 107 | Brunei BRN · East Asia & Pacific | 54.3 TWh2023 | 118,212 kWh/orang | 3.537 kWh/$ | 1.25% | 1.83%2018 | 462.7 ribu | 2024 | |
| 108 | Zimbabwe ZWE · Sub-Saharan Africa | 52 TWh2023 | 3,181 kWh/orang | 1.251 kWh/$ | -10.95% | 19.32%2018 | 16.6 juta | 2023 | |
| 109 | Honduras HND · Latin America & Caribbean | 51.9 TWh2023 | 4,877 kWh/orang | 1.4 kWh/$ | -2.07% | 17.35%2018 | 10.8 juta | 2023 | |
| 110 | Paraguay PRY · Latin America & Caribbean | 51.6 TWh2023 | 7,542 kWh/orang | 1.161 kWh/$ | -1.26% | -0.41%2018 | 6.9 juta | 2023 | |
| 111 | Zambia ZMB · Sub-Saharan Africa | 50.2 TWh2023 | 2,422 kWh/orang | 1.984 kWh/$ | 25.37% | 34.89%2018 | 21.3 juta | 2023 | |
| 112 | Tajikistan TJK · Europe & Central Asia | 49.3 TWh2023 | 4,745 kWh/orang | 3.471 kWh/$ | 0.36% | 21.26%2018 | 10.6 juta | 2023 | |
| 113 | Armenia ARM · Europe & Central Asia | 47.2 TWh2023 | 16,028 kWh/orang | 1.818 kWh/$ | -7.6% | 20.76%2018 | 3 juta | 2023 | |
| 114 | Costa Rica CRI · Latin America & Caribbean | 46 TWh2023 | 9,005 kWh/orang | 0.482 kWh/$ | -0.97% | -0.34%2018 | 5.1 juta | 2023 | |
| 115 | Uruguay URY · Latin America & Caribbean | 45.4 TWh2023 | 13,409 kWh/orang | 0.561 kWh/$ | -4.2% | -1.21%2018 | 3.4 juta | 2023 | |
| 116 | El Salvador SLV · Latin America & Caribbean | 45.2 TWh2023 | 7,157 kWh/orang | 1.277 kWh/$ | 4.7% | 24.96%2018 | 6.3 juta | 2023 | |
| 117 | Senegal SEN · Sub-Saharan Africa | 44 TWh2023 | 2,433 kWh/orang | 1.341 kWh/$ | -2.58% | 17%2018 | 18.5 juta | 2023 | |
| 118 | Afghanistan AFG · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 41.1 TWh2023 | 990 kWh/orang | 2.394 kWh/$ | -8.97% | -11.69%2018 | 42.6 juta | 2023 | |
| 119 | Congo - Kinshasa COD · Sub-Saharan Africa | 40.5 TWh2023 | 382 kWh/orang | 0.57 kWh/$ | 8.75% | 55.1%2018 | 109.3 juta | 2023 | |
| 120 | Luxembourg LUX · Europe & Central Asia | 39.7 TWh2024 | 59,048 kWh/orang | 0.426 kWh/$ | 5.42% | -15.96%2019 | 677 ribu | 2024 | |
| 121 | Latvia LVA · Europe & Central Asia | 38.8 TWh2024 | 20,722 kWh/orang | 0.888 kWh/$ | -4.84% | -14.3%2019 | 1.9 juta | 2024 | |
| 122 | Malta MLT · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 37.9 TWh2023 | 71,108 kWh/orang | 1.518 kWh/$ | -0.12% | -1.14%2018 | 568.8 ribu | 2023 | |
| 123 | Moldova MDA · Europe & Central Asia | 36.5 TWh2023 | 11,904 kWh/orang | 2.006 kWh/$ | -2.06% | -10.41%2018 | 2.4 juta | 2023 | |
| 124 | Cameroon CMR · Sub-Saharan Africa | 35.5 TWh2023 | 1,252 kWh/orang | 0.666 kWh/$ | -2.63% | -5.34%2018 | 29.1 juta | 2023 | |
| 125 | Jamaica JAM · Latin America & Caribbean | 35 TWh2023 | 12,337 kWh/orang | 1.591 kWh/$ | 4.8% | -5.92%2018 | 2.8 juta | 2023 | |
| 126 | Yaman YEM · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 34.5 TWh2023 | 876 kWh/orang | 0.567 kWh/$ | 0.93% | -8.77%2018 | 40.6 juta | 2024 | |
| 127 | Cyprus CYP · Europe & Central Asia | 33.3 TWh2024 | 24,551 kWh/orang | 0.886 kWh/$ | 3.84% | 2.63%2019 | 1.4 juta | 2024 | |
| 128 | Uganda UGA · Sub-Saharan Africa | 32.1 TWh2023 | 660 kWh/orang | 0.596 kWh/$ | 2.35% | 15.08%2018 | 50 juta | 2023 | |
| 129 | Mali MLI · Sub-Saharan Africa | 30 TWh2023 | 1,262 kWh/orang | 1.12 kWh/$ | 2.49% | 34.86%2018 | 24.5 juta | 2023 | |
| 130 | Macedonia Utara MKD · Europe & Central Asia | 29.6 TWh2024 | 16,220 kWh/orang | 1.744 kWh/$ | -9.07% | -4.79%2019 | 1.8 juta | 2024 | |
| 131 | Guinea Khatulistiwa GNQ · Sub-Saharan Africa | 29.5 TWh2023 | 15,975 kWh/orang | 2.312 kWh/$ | 4.11% | 47.77%2018 | 1.9 juta | 2024 | |
| 132 | Benin BEN · Sub-Saharan Africa | 26.8 TWh2023 | 1,897 kWh/orang | 1.246 kWh/$ | 5.64% | -17.4%2018 | 14.5 juta | 2023 | |
| 133 | Papua New Guinea PNG · East Asia & Pacific | 26.7 TWh2023 | 2,573 kWh/orang | 0.841 kWh/$ | 1.88% | 31.94%2018 | 10.6 juta | 2023 | |
| 134 | Wilayah Palestin PSE · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 23.8 TWh2023 | 4,393 kWh/orang | 1.733 kWh/$ | 2.28% | 28.73%2018 | 5.3 juta | 2023 | |
| 135 | Botswana BWA · Sub-Saharan Africa | 23.6 TWh2023 | 9,508 kWh/orang | 1.215 kWh/$ | -19.47% | 0.58%2018 | 2.5 juta | 2023 | |
| 136 | Burkina Faso BFA · Sub-Saharan Africa | 23.5 TWh2023 | 1,020 kWh/orang | 1.016 kWh/$ | 3.15% | 21.81%2018 | 23.5 juta | 2023 | |
| 137 | Albania ALB · Europe & Central Asia | 22.6 TWh2023 | 8,032 kWh/orang | 0.835 kWh/$ | -12.69% | -19.33%2018 | 2.4 juta | 2023 | |
| 138 | Mauritius MUS · Sub-Saharan Africa | 22.5 TWh2023 | 17,639 kWh/orang | 1.504 kWh/$ | 4.47% | -10.61%2018 | 1.2 juta | 2023 | |
| 139 | Guinea GIN · Sub-Saharan Africa | 22.1 TWh2023 | 1,534 kWh/orang | 0.884 kWh/$ | 2.61% | 54.45%2018 | 14.8 juta | 2023 | |
| 140 | Nicaragua NIC · Latin America & Caribbean | 21.3 TWh2023 | 3,124 kWh/orang | 1.083 kWh/$ | -0.72% | 14.7%2018 | 6.9 juta | 2023 | |
| 141 | Mauritania MRT · Sub-Saharan Africa | 20.8 TWh2023 | 4,142 kWh/orang | 1.907 kWh/$ | 2.59% | 20.02%2018 | 5.2 juta | 2023 | |
| 142 | Namibia NAM · Sub-Saharan Africa | 18.9 TWh2023 | 6,370 kWh/orang | 1.411 kWh/$ | 4.97% | -7.36%2018 | 3 juta | 2023 | |
| 143 | New Caledonia NCL · East Asia & Pacific | 18.5 TWh2023 | 63,833 kWh/orang | 2.164 kWh/$ | 2.08% | -15.27%2018 | 292.6 ribu | 2023 | |
| 144 | Madagaskar MDG · Sub-Saharan Africa | 16.6 TWh2023 | 532 kWh/orang | 0.953 kWh/$ | 0.21% | 30.45%2018 | 32 juta | 2023 | |
| 145 | Gabon GAB · Sub-Saharan Africa | 16.1 TWh2023 | 6,477 kWh/orang | 0.77 kWh/$ | 1.8% | -2.15%2018 | 2.5 juta | 2024 | |
| 146 | Bhutan BTN · South Asia | 14.8 TWh2023 | 18,781 kWh/orang | 4.902 kWh/$ | -6.15% | 140.11%2018 | 791.5 ribu | 2023 | |
| 147 | Niger NER · Sub-Saharan Africa | 13.6 TWh2023 | 519 kWh/orang | 0.684 kWh/$ | 0.71% | 60.36%2018 | 27 juta | 2023 | |
| 148 | Macau SAR China MAC · East Asia & Pacific | 13.5 TWh2023 | 18,944 kWh/orang | 0.273 kWh/$ | 8.71% | -0.92%2018 | 687 ribu | 2023 | |
| 149 | Congo - Brazzaville COG · Sub-Saharan Africa | 13.3 TWh2023 | 2,154 kWh/orang | 0.847 kWh/$ | 2.05% | -25.11%2018 | 6.3 juta | 2024 | |
| 150 | Togo TGO · Sub-Saharan Africa | 12.4 TWh2023 | 1,505 kWh/orang | 1.162 kWh/$ | 5.07% | 25.08%2018 | 9.5 juta | 2023 | |
| 151 | Bahamas BHS · Latin America & Caribbean | 12.2 TWh2023 | 30,598 kWh/orang | 0.772 kWh/$ | -1.41% | 0.56%2018 | 401.3 ribu | 2023 | |
| 152 | Haiti HTI · Latin America & Caribbean | 11.9 TWh2023 | 1,022 kWh/orang | 0.471 kWh/$ | -1.47% | 3.13%2018 | 11.8 juta | 2023 | |
| 153 | Montenegro MNE · Europe & Central Asia | 11.8 TWh2023 | 18,583 kWh/orang | 1.424 kWh/$ | 3.5% | 5.69%2018 | 623.5 ribu | 2023 | |
| 154 | Surinam SUR · Latin America & Caribbean | 11.2 TWh2023 | 17,847 kWh/orang | 2.541 kWh/$ | -1.64% | 32.37%2018 | 634.4 ribu | 2023 | |
| 155 | Guyana GUY · Latin America & Caribbean | 11.2 TWh2023 | 13,494 kWh/orang | 0.452 kWh/$ | -0.03% | 24.13%2018 | 831.1 ribu | 2024 | |
| 156 | Malawi MWI · Sub-Saharan Africa | 11.1 TWh2023 | 525 kWh/orang | 0.979 kWh/$ | 0.56% | 62.22%2018 | 21.7 juta | 2023 | |
| 157 | Kepulauan Virgin A.S. VIR · Latin America & Caribbean | 9.7 TWh2023 | 113,334 kWh/orang | 2.079 kWh/$ | 4.67% | -2.19%2018 | 104.4 ribu | 2023 | |
| 158 | Chad TCD · Sub-Saharan Africa | 8.5 TWh2023 | 440 kWh/orang | 0.436 kWh/$ | 2.82% | 23.79%2018 | 20.3 juta | 2024 | |
| 159 | Maldives MDV · South Asia | 7.8 TWh2023 | 14,913 kWh/orang | 1.111 kWh/$ | 5.82% | 37.71%2018 | 527.8 ribu | 2023 | |
| 160 | Guam GUM · East Asia & Pacific | 7.4 TWh2023 | 44,566 kWh/orang | 1.074 kWh/$ | -0.55% | 0.45%2018 | 167.8 ribu | 2023 | |
| 161 | Rwanda RWA · Sub-Saharan Africa | 7.4 TWh2023 | 530 kWh/orang | 0.519 kWh/$ | 8.77% | 51.12%2018 | 14.3 juta | 2023 | |
| 162 | Sudan Selatan SSD · Sub-Saharan Africa | 7 TWh2023 | 613 kWh/orang | - | 2.91% | -10.53%2018 | 11.9 juta | 2024 | |
| 163 | Fiji FJI · East Asia & Pacific | 6.9 TWh2023 | 7,437 kWh/orang | 1.151 kWh/$ | 8.29% | -4.94%2018 | 928.8 ribu | 2023 | |
| 164 | Eswatini SWZ · Sub-Saharan Africa | 6.8 TWh2023 | 5,517 kWh/orang | 1.397 kWh/$ | 8.46% | 6.31%2018 | 1.2 juta | 2023 | |
| 165 | Sierra Leone SLE · Sub-Saharan Africa | 5.7 TWh2023 | 674 kWh/orang | 0.819 kWh/$ | 2.98% | 25.49%2018 | 8.6 juta | 2023 | |
| 166 | Barbados BRB · Latin America & Caribbean | 5.7 TWh2023 | 20,014 kWh/orang | 0.754 kWh/$ | 0.79% | -23.46%2018 | 282.5 ribu | 2023 | |
| 167 | Lesotho LSO · Sub-Saharan Africa | 5.5 TWh2023 | 2,379 kWh/orang | 2.421 kWh/$ | 14.07% | 42.17%2018 | 2.3 juta | 2023 | |
| 168 | Aruba ABW · Latin America & Caribbean | 4.9 TWh2023 | 45,116 kWh/orang | 1.142 kWh/$ | -1.41% | -0.71%2018 | 108 ribu | 2023 | |
| 169 | Polinesia Perancis PYF · East Asia & Pacific | 4.4 TWh2023 | 15,488 kWh/orang | 0.689 kWh/$ | 5.43% | 26.86%2018 | 281.8 ribu | 2023 | |
| 170 | Burundi BDI · Sub-Saharan Africa | 3.8 TWh2023 | 277 kWh/orang | 1.231 kWh/$ | 4.19% | 21.29%2018 | 14 juta | 2023 | |
| 171 | Seychelles SYC · Sub-Saharan Africa | 3.7 TWh2023 | 28,967 kWh/orang | 1.71 kWh/$ | 2.78% | -12.41%2018 | 121.4 ribu | 2023 | |
| 172 | Belize BLZ · Latin America & Caribbean | 3.7 TWh2023 | 9,012 kWh/orang | 1.156 kWh/$ | -1.61% | 6.9%2018 | 417.1 ribu | 2023 | |
| 173 | Djibouti DJI · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 3.5 TWh2023 | 3,056 kWh/orang | 0.849 kWh/$ | 5.91% | 13.42%2018 | 1.2 juta | 2023 | |
| 174 | Somalia SOM · Sub-Saharan Africa | 3.5 TWh2023 | 190 kWh/orang | 0.292 kWh/$ | 2.8% | 2.44%2018 | 19 juta | 2023 | |
| 175 | Kepulauan Faroe FRO · Europe & Central Asia | 3.2 TWh2023 | 58,450 kWh/orang | 0.789 kWh/$ | 0.2% | -12.14%2018 | 54.7 ribu | 2023 | |
| 176 | Kepulauan Cayman CYM · Latin America & Caribbean | 3.1 TWh2023 | 41,943 kWh/orang | 0.423 kWh/$ | -1.55% | -0.71%2018 | 74.5 ribu | 2023 | |
| 177 | Cape Verde CPV · Sub-Saharan Africa | 3.1 TWh2023 | 5,861 kWh/orang | 1.123 kWh/$ | 2.61% | -9.68%2018 | 524.9 ribu | 2023 | |
| 178 | Eritrea ERI · Sub-Saharan Africa | 3 TWh2023 | 873 kWh/orang | - | 2.71% | 15.66%2018 | 3.5 juta | 2023 | |
| 179 | Antigua dan Barbuda ATG · Latin America & Caribbean | 3 TWh2023 | 32,266 kWh/orang | 1.364 kWh/$ | -1.41% | 3.22%2018 | 93.8 ribu | 2023 | |
| 180 | Liberia LBR · Sub-Saharan Africa | 2.9 TWh2023 | 534 kWh/orang | 0.614 kWh/$ | 2.77% | 34.54%2018 | 5.6 juta | 2023 | |
| 181 | Timor-Leste TLS · East Asia & Pacific | 2.8 TWh2023 | 2,000 kWh/orang | 1.484 kWh/$ | 5.45% | 23.34%2018 | 1.4 juta | 2023 | |
| 182 | Greenland GRL · Europe & Central Asia | 2.6 TWh2023 | 46,981 kWh/orang | 0.79 kWh/$ | -1.19% | 0.42%2018 | 56.8 ribu | 2023 | |
| 183 | Saint Lucia LCA · Latin America & Caribbean | 2.5 TWh2023 | 13,927 kWh/orang | 0.98 kWh/$ | -1.46% | -1.85%2018 | 179.7 ribu | 2023 | |
| 184 | Bermuda BMU · North America | 2.3 TWh2023 | 35,958 kWh/orang | 0.252 kWh/$ | -1.43% | -24.5%2018 | 64.6 ribu | 2023 | |
| 185 | Gambia GMB · Sub-Saharan Africa | 2.2 TWh2023 | 800 kWh/orang | 0.898 kWh/$ | 2.84% | 11.75%2018 | 2.8 juta | 2023 | |
| 186 | Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos TCA · Latin America & Caribbean | 1.9 TWh2023 | 40,225 kWh/orang | 1.065 kWh/$ | -1.5% | -0.32%2018 | 46.5 ribu | 2023 | |
| 187 | Comoros COM · Sub-Saharan Africa | 1.8 TWh2023 | 2,092 kWh/orang | 1.235 kWh/$ | 3.12% | 115.9%2018 | 866.6 ribu | 2023 | |
| 188 | Samoa Amerika ASM · East Asia & Pacific | 1.6 TWh2023 | 33,220 kWh/orang | 1.813 kWh/$ | -0.56% | 9.35%2018 | 46.8 ribu | 2023 | |
| 189 | Samoa WSM · East Asia & Pacific | 1.5 TWh2023 | 6,880 kWh/orang | 1.268 kWh/$ | 4.69% | 3.33%2018 | 218 ribu | 2023 | |
| 190 | Guinea Bissau GNB · Sub-Saharan Africa | 1.5 TWh2023 | 689 kWh/orang | 0.669 kWh/$ | 2.85% | 0.88%2018 | 2.2 juta | 2023 | |
| 191 | Republik Afrika Tengah CAF · Sub-Saharan Africa | 1.4 TWh2023 | 280 kWh/orang | 0.524 kWh/$ | 2.58% | 12.14%2018 | 5.3 juta | 2023 | |
| 192 | Grenada GRD · Latin America & Caribbean | 1.4 TWh2023 | 12,221 kWh/orang | 1.043 kWh/$ | -1.38% | 1.71%2018 | 117.2 ribu | 2023 | |
| 193 | Kepulauan Solomon SLB · East Asia & Pacific | 1.3 TWh2023 | 1,657 kWh/orang | 0.837 kWh/$ | 5.95% | -2%2018 | 819.2 ribu | 2023 | |
| 194 | Vanuatu VUT · East Asia & Pacific | 1.2 TWh2023 | 3,791 kWh/orang | 1.087 kWh/$ | 5.81% | 25.65%2018 | 327.8 ribu | 2023 | |
| 195 | Sahara Barat ESH | 1.2 TWh2023 | 2,020 kWh/orang | - | 3.6% | 7.63%2018 | 579.7 ribu | 2023 | |
| 196 | Saint Kitts dan Nevis KNA · Latin America & Caribbean | 1.1 TWh2023 | 23,859 kWh/orang | 0.994 kWh/$ | -1.46% | 0.54%2018 | 46.8 ribu | 2023 | |
| 197 | Saint Vincent dan Grenadines VCT · Latin America & Caribbean | 1.1 TWh2023 | 10,917 kWh/orang | 0.956 kWh/$ | 3.1% | 3.85%2018 | 100.6 ribu | 2023 | |
| 198 | Kepulauan Virgin British VGB · Latin America & Caribbean | 0.8 TWh2023 | 19,623 kWh/orang | - | -1.44% | 14.35%2018 | 39.5 ribu | 2023 | |
| 199 | Tonga TON · East Asia & Pacific | 0.7 TWh2023 | 6,819 kWh/orang | 1.206 kWh/$ | 5.81% | 15.93%2018 | 104.2 ribu | 2023 | |
| 200 | Dominica DMA · Latin America & Caribbean | 0.7 TWh2023 | 10,663 kWh/orang | 1.029 kWh/$ | -1.47% | -2.21%2018 | 66.2 ribu | 2023 | |
| 201 | Sao Tome dan Principe STP · Sub-Saharan Africa | 0.6 TWh2023 | 2,601 kWh/orang | 0.731 kWh/$ | 3.2% | -4.75%2018 | 235.5 ribu | 2023 | |
| 202 | Micronesia FSM · East Asia & Pacific | 0.5 TWh2023 | 4,428 kWh/orang | 1.058 kWh/$ | 6% | 4.83%2018 | 113.2 ribu | 2023 | |
| 203 | Kepulauan Cook COK | 0.4 TWh2023 | 30,724 kWh/orang | - | 5.61% | -7.01%2018 | 13.8 ribu | 2023 | |
| 204 | Nauru NRU · East Asia & Pacific | 0.3 TWh2023 | 29,242 kWh/orang | 2.14 kWh/$ | 5.88% | 7.74%2018 | 11.9 ribu | 2023 | |
| 205 | Kiribati KIR · East Asia & Pacific | 0.3 TWh2023 | 2,514 kWh/orang | 1.082 kWh/$ | 5.74% | 6.05%2018 | 134.5 ribu | 2023 | |
| 206 | Saint Pierre dan Miquelon SPM | 0.2 TWh2023 | 43,662 kWh/orang | - | 0.53% | -12.94%2018 | 5.7 ribu | 2023 | |
| 207 | Montserrat MSR | 0.1 TWh2023 | 24,284 kWh/orang | - | -1.59% | -14.29%2018 | 4.4 ribu | 2023 | |
| 208 | Antartika ATA | 0.1 TWh2023 | - | - | 10.64% | 3.64%2018 | - | 2023 | |
| 209 | Saint Helena SHN | 0.1 TWh2023 | 9,813 kWh/orang | - | 3.09% | 1.96%2018 | 5.3 ribu | 2023 | |
| 210 | Niue NIU | 0 TWh2023 | 19,803 kWh/orang | - | 6.41% | 16.13%2018 | 1.8 ribu | 2023 |
Tenaga primer diukur sebelum kehilangan penukaran, jadi ia boleh lebih besar daripada tenaga akhir dan tidak sama dengan penggunaan elektrik.
Perubahan tahunan menggunakan energy_cons_change_pct OWID jika tersedia; perubahan lima tahun dikira daripada nilai TWh terkini dan nilai terdekat sekurang-kurangnya lima tahun sebelumnya.
Sumber: Our World in Data Energy dataset, digabungkan dengan rujukan GDP dan penduduk Bank Dunia jika tersedia.
Sumber data dan terma penggunaan
Halaman ini berasaskan data awam daripada penyedia sumber di bawah. Setiap data tertakluk pada lesen atau terma penggunaan penyedia asalnya.
| Sumber | Data/API | Terma penggunaan | Pemprosesan Onul Works |
|---|---|---|---|
| Our World in Data | Energy Dataset | Terma penggunaan | Menggabungkan penggunaan tenaga primer OWID dengan rujukan GDP dan penduduk serta mengira perubahan lima tahun. |
| World Bank | World Development Indicators | Terma penggunaan | Menggabungkan penggunaan tenaga primer OWID dengan rujukan GDP dan penduduk serta mengira perubahan lima tahun. |
Penormalan, terjemahan, penggabungan, caching atau penukaran unit oleh Onul Works tidak bermaksud jaminan atau kelulusan daripada penyedia asal.